Fortalecimiento y modernización del sistema nacional de salud de Nicaragua, en el período del 2015 a 2030

El estudio Fortalecimiento y Modernización del Sistema Nacional de Salud de Nicaragua, en el período del 2015 a 2030, tiene la finalidad de formular una propuesta de Lineamientos Estratégicos de Política Pública que contribuyan a fortalecerlo y modernizarlo. La metodología de investigación es observacional, descriptiva y retro-prospectiva. La Fuente de información es Primaria y Secundaria. Los Resultados responden al recorrido histórico de los principales cambios políticos e institucionales desde la época precolombina hasta la época moderna que ha tenido este Sistema en el contexto nacional e internacional, particularmente en la evolución de su Modelo de Atención. Igualmente, se describe el desempeño del MINSA, medido a través de algunos indicadores sanitarios que han impactado en el estado de salud y el bienestar de las familias nicaragüenses del 2006 al 2015. Finalmente, se hace un análisis en perspectiva del Sistema de Salud al año 2030, destacando los cambios demográficos y la transición epidemiológica que deben considerarse para los ajustes del Sistema. Finalmente se presenta una propuesta Estratégica de Política Pública en Salud producto del análisis socio demográfico, epidemiológico, y de los cambios científicos-tecnológicos de la medicina moderna. El documento está estructurado en cinco capítulos, descritos a continuación: 1. El Problema 2. Marco Teórico 3. Marco Epistemológico o Metodológico 4. Resultados y Discusión 5. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones PALABRAS CLAVES: Sistema de Salud, Modelo de Salud Familiar y Comunitario, Determinación Social de la Salud, Indicadores de Salu

Natural Stabilized Earth Panels versus Conventional Façade Systems. Economic and Environmental Impact Assessment

More effective construction technologies are needed nowadays in order to reduce construction energy consumption during the life-cycle of buildings. Besides which, it is necessary to consider the economic feasibility and associated costs within the framework of these alternative technologies so as to favouring their practical implementation in the construction sector. In this sense, this paper presents an economic and environmental comparison of a new non-bearing façade construction solution based on the extruded unfired stabilized clay panels as opposed to three traditional solutions with similar physical, thermal, and aesthetic characteristics in terms of the exterior cladding. The proposed panels are a sandwich type configuration with an intermediate insulating material and two exterior pieces manufactured by extrusion with raw earth stabilized with alginate and animal wool fibers. In this paper, details of the constructive technology of the system are provided. From the results obtained, it is possible to conclude that the solution is a valid alternative from the environmental point of view, considerably reducing the GlobalWarming Potential and the Cumulative Energy Demand. And although the environmental improvement of the system can be considered the primary objective of this investigation, on the other hand, once executed, it will also be a competitive constructive technology from the perspective of the system’s final costs

Carbon Footprint Estimation Tool for Residential Buildings for Non-Specialized Users: OERCO2 Project

Existing tools for environmental certification of buildings are failing in their ability to reach the general public and to create social awareness, since they require not only specialized knowledge regarding construction and energy sources, but also environmental knowledge. In this paper, an open-source online tool for the estimation of the carbon footprint of residential buildings by non-specialized users is presented as a product from the OERCO2 Erasmus + project. The internal calculations, data management and operation of this tool are extensively explained. The ten most common building typologies built in the last decade in Spain are analysed by using the OERCO2 tool, and the order of magnitude of the results is analysed by comparing them to the ranges determined by other authors. The OERCO2 tool proves itself to be reliable, with its results falling within the defined logical value ranges. Moreover, the major simplification of the interface allows non-specialized users to evaluate the sustainability of buildings. Further research is oriented towards its inclusion in other environmental certification tools and in Building Information Modeling (BIM) environments

BIM-LCA Integration for the environmental impact assessment of the urbanization process

The construction sector is one of the most polluting industries, generating between 30% and 40% of the worldwide environmental burden in terms of raw materials, direct and indirect energy consumption, waste, and CO2 emissions. Recent advances in computer science and data management have facilitated the evaluation of present and future impacts, thus improving the sustainability of architectural designs. Powerful software tools, such as Building Information Modelling (BIM),allow environmental indicators to be incorporated into the construction elements that make up the project to evaluate it during the design stage. In this work, the state of the art of ecological indicator application through BIM platforms is studied. Barriers and uncertainties are also identified.Subsequently, a model is proposed to evaluate the environmental impact of an urbanization processor a project through several ecological indicators (carbon footprint, water footprint, and embodiedenergy). To perform this analysis, the most important aspect is to determine the quantities of each construction element and their clear decomposition into subelements, since both aspects add certainty to the analysis. For this purpose, construction cost databases are a good instrument for introducing environmental a wareness. The reliability of LCA data, which can be obtained from generic databasesor ecolabels such as environmental product declarations, becomes crucia

An Architecture for On-Line Measurement of the Tip Clearance and Time of Arrival of a Bladed Disk of an Aircraft Engine

Safety and performance of the turbo-engine in an aircraft is directly affected by the health of its blades. In recent years, several improvements to the sensors have taken place to monitor the blades in a non-intrusive way. The parameters that are usually measured are the distance between the blade tip and the casing, and the passing time at a given point. Simultaneously, several techniques have been developed that allow for the inferencefrom those parameters and under certain conditionsof the amplitude and frequency of the blade vibration. These measurements are carried out on engines set on a rig, before being installed in an airplane. In order to incorporate these methods during the regular operation of the engine, signal processing that allows for the monitoring of those parameters at all times should be developed. This article introduces an architecture, based on a trifurcated optic sensor and a hardware processor, that fulfills this need. The proposed architecture is scalable and allows several sensors to be simultaneously monitored at different points around a bladed disk. Furthermore, the results obtained by the electronic system will be compared with the results obtained by the validation of the optic sensor.Safety and performance of the turbo-engine in an aircraft is directly affected by the health of its blades. In recent years, several improvements to the sensors have taken place to monitor the blades in a non-intrusive way. The parameters that are usually measured are the distance between the blade tip and the casing, and the passing time at a given point. Simultaneously, several techniques have been developed that allow for the inferencefrom those parameters and under certain conditionsof the amplitude and frequency of the blade vibration. These measurements are carried out on engines set on a rig, before being installed in an airplane. In order to incorporate these methods during the regular operation of the engine, signal processing that allows for the monitoring of those parameters at all times should be developed. This article introduces an architecture, based on a trifurcated optic sensor and a hardware processor, that fulfills this need. The proposed architecture is scalable and allows several sensors to be simultaneously monitored at different points around a bladed disk. Furthermore, the results obtained by the electronic system will be compared with the results obtained by the validation of the optic sensor.This work has been funded in part by the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER); by the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad under project TEC2015-638263-C03-1-R; by the Gobierno Vasco/Eusko Jaurlaritza under projects IT933-16 and ELKARTEK (KK-2016/0030, KK-2017/00033, KK-2017/00089 and KK-2016/0059)

Life Cycle Assessment of Industrial Building Construction and Recovery Potential: Case Studies in Seville

In Spain, most businesses are medium to small size enterprises, representing 90% of the total, but there is a lack of studies of the types of building this sector uses. The main objective of this paper is to present a method for the evaluation of small industrial construction projects to facilitate the introduction of eco-efficient solutions. For this, it is necessary to identify the most representative buildings and the aspects of these which have the most environmental impact. A methodology in place for the evaluation of dwelling construction is adapted, for the first time, to evaluate industrial buildings. The construction solutions characterized are those traditionally used in the sector, as identified through 87 surveys. A standardized classification of work units is proposed to enable the use of environmental product information, such as eco-labels and/or EPD, and LCA databases. The carbon footprint (CF) and water footprint (WF) are the indicators selected because of their straightforward message. Finally, a comparative analysis is performed showing the high recycling potential of concrete and cement which, along with metals and aggregates, control the impact in terms of CF. With respect to the WF indicator, plastic substitute aggregates are among the materials with the greatest impac

Almidón de camote: Modificaciones enzimáticas, físicas y químicas

El almidón es el principal carbohidrato de reserva en productos vegetales y es ampliamente utilizado en la industria alimentaria. El camote es una fuente importante de almidón, ya que forma parte de su composición química en el rango de 50 - 80%. Sin embargo, en su forma nativa carece de propiedades que lo conviertan es un material ideal con potencial para aplicaciones en productos alimenticios. Por esto, con la finalidad de subsanar tal desventaja se recurre a procesos de modificación que permitan cambiar sus propiedades fisicoquímicas como la cristalinidad, viscosidad, tamaño de gránulo, temperatura de gelatinización, retrogradación, solubilidad, poder de hinchamiento, etc. Las modificaciones del almidón se centran en tres tipos de métodos; los enzimáticos (altamente eficientes), los físicos (diversos y económicos) y los químicos (selectivos). Cada vez resulta de mayor interés probar métodos de modificación en nuevas fuentes de almidón y debido a la alta producción de camote a nivel mundial, es importante mostrar los contrastes de los diferentes métodos utilizados. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta revisión es mostrar los estudios realizados para la modificación de almidón de camote y su efecto sobre las propiedades fisicoquímicas. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54167/tecnociencia.v15i3.85

Cianobacterias presentes en aguas termales, una alternativa para el desarrollo sustentable del campo chihuahuense

Las cianobacterias comprenden un gran y diverso grupo de microorganismos procariotas cuyo origen se remonta hace 3.5 millones de años. Son las principales productoras del oxígeno de nuestro planeta, forman la base de las redes tróficas, tienen una amplia distribución en cualquier tipo de ecosistema terrestre o acuático, entre ellos los ambientes con altas temperaturas y son fuente de una amplia gama de productos de alto valor agregado, los cuales han despertado el interés dentro del campo de la biotecnología actual, de tal manera que se han desarrollado aplicaciones en muchas áreas, siendo la agricultura una de las más importantes. Con base a lo anterior, se estableció como objetivo de este avance de investigación, la exploración de las aguas termales del brote de San Diego de Alcalá, Aldama, Chihuahua, en búsqueda de cianobacterias con potencial uso biotecnológico en el campo chihuahuense. Los resultados evidenciaron la presencia de cianobacterias que pueden ser empleadas en el desarrollo de aplicaciones biotecnológicas, lo cual representa una alternativa viable para el desarrollo del campo chihuahuense

Detrás de la astenia

A 67-year-old woman diagnosed with heart failure, atrial fibrillation and mitral prosthetic carrier who attends consultations by dyspnea, anemia and constitutional table that after clinical worsening requires admission Internal Medicine plant to complete study and treatment. A comprehensive study is carried out with differential diagnosis of the multiple causes of constitutional syndrome, without great results until the realization of the ETE where a specific finding is revealed that after the proper treatment the clinical picture was resolved as well as a clinical improvement in the patient.Mujer de 67 años pluripatológica, diagnosticada de insuficiencia cardíaca, fibrilación auricular y portadora de prótesis mitral que acudió a Consultas Externas por cuadro de disnea, anemia y síndrome constitucional que, tras empeoramiento clínico, requirió ingreso en planta de Medicina Interna para completar estudio y tratamiento. Se realizó un estudio amplio, con diagnóstico diferencial de las múltiples causas de síndrome constitucional, sin grandes resultados hasta la realización de la ecocardiografía transesofágica, en la que se evidenció un hallazgo específico que, tras el tratamiento adecuado, permitió la resolución del cuadro clínico así como una gran mejoría clínica en la paciente

Highly efficient production of rabies virus glycoprotein G ectodomain in Sf9 insect cells

In the present study, we developed a complete process to produce in insect cells a high amount of the ectodomain of rabies virus glycoprotein G (GE) as suitable antigen for detecting anti-rabies antibodies. Using the baculovirus expression vector system in Sf9 insect cells combined with a novel chimeric promoter (polh-pSeL), the expression level reached a yield of 4.1± 0.3 mg/L culture, which was signifcantly higher than that achieved with the standard polh promoter alone. The protein was recovered from the cell lysates and easily purifed in only one step by metal ion afnity chromatography, with a yield of 95% and a purity of 87%. Finally, GE was successfully used in an assay to detect specifc antibodies in serum samplesderived from rabies-vaccinated animals. The efcient strategy developed in this work is an interesting method to produce high amounts of this glycoprotein.Fil: Targovnik, Alexandra Marisa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Ferrari, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas "Prof. Alejandro C. Paladini". Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Química y Físico-Química Biológicas; ArgentinaFil: Mc Callum, Gregorio Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Arregui, Mariana Bernadett. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Smith, Ignacio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Bracco, Lautaro Fidel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; ArgentinaFil: Alfonso, Victoria. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: López, María Gabriela. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Biotecnología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Martínez Solís, María. Universidad de Valencia. Estructura de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología y Biomedicina; EspañaFil: Herrero, Salvador. Universidad de Valencia. Estructura de Investigación Interdisciplinar en Biotecnología y Biomedicina; EspañaFil: Miranda, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica. Instituto de Nanobiotecnología; Argentin